URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES: AN ANALYSIS OF PREVALENCE AND CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/bn136039Keywords:
Urinary Tract Infection, Diabetes Mellitus, Asymptomatic Bacteriuria, Bacterial Uropathogens, Glycemic ControlAbstract
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with rising global prevalence, frequently associated with complications such as urinary tract infections (UTIs). Diabetic patients are more susceptible to UTIs due to impaired immune responses, glycosuria, and bladder dysfunction, resulting in more frequent, severe, and recurrent infections.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and microbial etiology of UTIs among patients with T2DM presenting with clinical features suggestive of infection.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Teerthanker Mahaveer University College of Paramedical Sciences and the Department of Microbiology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Hospital & Research Centre, Moradabad. A total of 158 T2DM patients aged above 18 years with symptomatic features of UTI were enrolled. Midstream urine samples were collected aseptically and analyzed using standard microbiological techniques including culture on CLED agar, wet mount microscopy, and Gram staining. Significant bacteriuria was defined as colony growth ≥10⁵ CFU/ml based on Kass criteria.
Results: Of the 158 urine samples, 40 (25.31%) showed significant bacteriuria. The prevalence was highest among patients aged >35 years. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 65% of isolates, with Escherichia coli being the most common pathogen (52.5%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (12.5%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10%). Gram-positive organisms comprised 35% of isolates.
Conclusion: The study reveals a notable prevalence of UTIs among T2DM patients, particularly in older adults. E. coli remains the predominant uropathogen. Early microbiological evaluation and culture-guided antimicrobial therapy are crucial for managing UTIs in diabetics. Routine screening and timely diagnosis can significantly reduce complications and improve clinical outcomes in this high-risk population.
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