REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY OF CYPRINUS CARPIO IN POLLUTED AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/eijmhs.v8i3.272Keywords:
Reproductive toxicity, Cyprinus carpio, Lambda-cyhalothrin, Gonadosomatic Index, HistopathologyAbstract
The purpose of the study was to check the reproductive toxicity of sub-lethal contact to Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCH) in Cyprinus carpio. A concentration of 0.2 µg/L of LCH was bare to healthy specimens for 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days. The gonadosomatic Index (GSI), histopathology of the gonadal tissues, and serum concentrations of sex steroid hormones (testosterone, 17 β-estradiol, and 11-ketotestosterone were studied. The results showed a progressive decline in GSI in male as well as female fish under all bare conditions. Results of the histopathological analysis revealed severe structural damage in the testes with atrophy of the germinal epithelium, reduced lobular diameter, decreased spermatozoa, as well as in the ovarian tissues with cytoplasmic clumping, deformity of the follicles, and increased atretic oocytes. Structural impairments correlated with significant reductions in testosterone, 17β-estradiol, and 11-ketotestosterone concentrations in hormonal assays. The results show that sub-lethal, short-term exposure to LCH can severely disrupt reproductive physiology and endocrine functioning in Cyprinus carpio. The study demonstrates that synthetic pyrethroid contamination is a direct cause of reproductive decline in freshwater fish and that gonadal and hormonal parameters are sensitive early biomarkers of aquatic pollution. Therefore, this result highlights the fact that strict environmental regulations, together with long-term ecological monitoring, are required to lower pesticide-induced reproductive risk in aquatic ecosystems.
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