GLOBAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH OUTCOMES: AN ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS, HEALTH SYSTEMS, AND DISEASE BURDEN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69980/v4ky7920Keywords:
Global Health Outcomes, Health Systems, Disease BurdenAbstract
Global health outcomes are shaped by a complex interaction of environmental, behavioural, and health system factors. This study aims to analyze the determinants of health outcomes by examining the combined influence of risk factors, health system performance, and disease burden across countries. A cross-sectional analytical approach was adopted using secondary data from internationally recognized health databases, covering indicators such as life expectancy, mortality rates, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and healthcare access. The findings indicate that global health indicators improved significantly between 2000 and 2019, particularly in life expectancy and reductions in communicable diseases. However, these gains were disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to a decline in healthy life expectancy. Noncommunicable diseases emerged as the leading cause of premature mortality globally, while communicable diseases remained prevalent in low-income regions. Strong associations were observed between environmental and behavioural risk factors and increased disease burden, whereas robust health systems were linked to reduced mortality and improved health outcomes. The study highlights significant disparities across regions and income groups, emphasizing the need for integrated and targeted public health strategies. Strengthening health systems and addressing modifiable risk factors are essential for improving global health outcomes and reducing inequalities
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