INCIDENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF PHLEBITIS AMONG PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL INTRAVENOUS CANNULA.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/eijmhs.v10i3.239Keywords:
Phlebitis, Incidence, Risk factors, Peripheral Intravenous Catheter (PIVC), PatientsAbstract
It is estimated that more than 50-60% of hospitalized patients require intravenous therapy (IVT), implemented mainly with the use of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIC), since they provide quick access to the vascular system, being the most performed invasive intervention in the health care setting, and less invasive and more cost-effective than other types of intravenous catheters. Because catheterization is done for different purposes and for different lengths of time, it represents a potential risk for a number of safety incidents, including microbial growth . However, regardless of the generating factor, local complications take the form of bruises, infiltration, leakage, catheter obstruction and phlebitis.1Phlebitis not only causes patient discomfort and frequent catheter change, it may also cause further complications like cellulitis, septicemia, DVT, and make the patient stay in the hospital for a longer time and increase the cost of healthcare.2Due to its occurrence in patients with peripheral intravenous catheters (PIC) as found during clinical observation, it was decided to conduct this study to determine the incidence of phlebitis and risk factors associated with it.
Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study aimed to assess the incidence and associated risk factors of phlebitis among patients with peripheral intravenous cannula. 300 patients above 18 years of age with peripheral intravenous catheters (PIC) in place, were purposely selected from medical units, surgical units and intensive care units of SKIMS, Srinagar. The factors studied were age, gender, reason for cannulation, site of insertion, situation of insertion, cannula/ cathetersize, dwelling time of catheter, IV medications, and family history of thrombophlebitis. Phlebitis was graded using Visual Infusion Phlebitis Score.
Results: The incidence of phlebitis was expressed in percentage. Frequencies and Pearson’s chi-square test [with 5% significance level] were implemented to find out the significance of associated risk factors of phlebitis. Incidence of phlebitis was found to be 25.33% in our study. The increased incidence rate of phlebitis was seen in the age group of 36->55 years, the female gender, IV drugs administration, large catheter size (18G), insertion in the dorsum of hand, catheters inserted in emergency situations, cannulation duration of 96 hours and family history of thrombophelebitis.
Conclusion: Phlebitis is an adverse complication when it gets advanced thus it needs to be arrested before it reaches blood stream. Avoiding of preventable risk factors, proper health professional practices, and, judicious administration of intravenous medication, daily inspection of catheters are needed for prevention of phlebitis.
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