EVOLUTION AND ADVANCEMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL CARE SERVICES

Authors

  • AL Mogrin, Maha Mohammed Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs
  • Al Khleb, Aseel Abdulziz Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs
  • Al Shehri, Bshayer Mohammed Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs
  • Al Shreeaf, Khalid Abdulrahman Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs
  • Al Busaysi, Khaled Farhan Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs
  • Al Rashidi, Ahmed Mueallath Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs
  • Al Harbi, Abdulmohsen Hamdan Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53555/eijmhs.v8i1.174

Keywords:

Pharmaceutical care, patient-centered, Medication Therapy Management, collaborative care, technology integration, pharmacists.

Abstract

The evolution of pharmaceutical care services has undergone a significant transformation, shifting from a product-focused approach to a patient-centered model. This article explores the historical development, patient-centered approach, Medication Therapy Management (MTM) programs, collaborative care, technological integration, challenges, and future directions in pharmaceutical care services. Pharmacists now play a pivotal role in optimizing medication therapy, conducting comprehensive assessments, and working collaboratively with healthcare providers. Advancements in technology, such as electronic health records and automated systems, have further enhanced the quality of care provided. Despite challenges related to reimbursement and scope of practice, the trajectory of pharmaceutical care services is moving toward greater recognition and integration within healthcare systems.

References

. Urick BY, Meggs EV. Towards a Greater Professional Standing: Evolution of Pharmacy Practice and Education, 1920-2020. Pharmacy (Basel). 2019 Jul 20;7(3):98. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy7030098. PMID: 31330761; PMCID: PMC6789879.

. Al-Quteimat OM, Amer AM. Evidence-based pharmaceutical care: The next chapter in pharmacy practice. Saudi Pharm J. 2016 Jul;24(4):447-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2014.07.010. Epub 2014 Aug 4. PMID: 27330375; PMCID: PMC4908053.

. Eldooma I, Maatoug M, Yousif M. Outcomes of Pharmacist-Led Pharmaceutical Care Interventions Within Community Pharmacies: Narrative Review. Integr Pharm Res Pract. 2023 May 15;12:113-126. doi: 10.2147/IPRP.S408340. PMID: 37216033; PMCID: PMC10198268.

. Sallom H, Abdi A, Halboup AM, Başgut B. Evaluation of pharmaceutical care services in the Middle East Countries: a review of studies of 2013-2020. BMC Public Health. 2023 Jul 17;23(1):1364. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16199-1. PMID: 37461105; PMCID: PMC10351150.

. Dalton K, Byrne S. Role of the pharmacist in reducing healthcare costs: current insights. Integr Pharm Res Pract. 2017 Jan 25;6:37-46. doi: 10.2147/IPRP.S108047. PMID: 29354549; PMCID: PMC5774321.

. Kari H, Kortejärvi H, Airaksinen M, Laaksonen R. Patient involvement is essential in identifying drug-related problems. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Sep;84(9):2048-2058. doi: 10.1111/bcp.13640. Epub 2018 Jun 21. PMID: 29774588; PMCID: PMC6089828.

. Fix GM, VanDeusen Lukas C, Bolton RE, Hill JN, Mueller N, LaVela SL, Bokhour BG. Patient-centred care is a way of doing things: How healthcare employees conceptualize patient-centred care. Health Expect. 2018 Feb;21(1):300-307. doi: 10.1111/hex.12615. Epub 2017 Aug 25. PMID: 28841264; PMCID: PMC5750758.

. Mohiuddin AK. The New Era of Pharmacists in Ambulatory Patient Care. Innov Pharm. 2019 Aug 31;10(1):10.24926/iip.v10i1.1622. doi: 10.24926/iip.v10i1.1622. Retraction in: Innov Pharm. 2020 Feb 25;11(1): PMID: 34007527; PMCID: PMC7643699.

. McDonough RP, Bennett MS. Improving communication skills of pharmacy students through effective precepting. Am J Pharm Educ. 2006 Jun 15;70(3):58. doi: 10.5688/aj700358. PMID: 17136179; PMCID: PMC1636963.

. Francis J, Abraham S. Clinical pharmacists: Bridging the gap between patients and physicians. Saudi Pharm J. 2014 Dec;22(6):600-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2014.02.011. Epub 2014 Mar 12. PMID: 25561874; PMCID: PMC4281611.

. Viswanathan M, Kahwati LC, Golin CE, et al. Medication Therapy Management Interventions in Outpatient Settings [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2014 Nov. (Comparative Effectiveness Reviews, No. 138.) Introduction. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK294478/

. Alshehri AM, Alenazi OS, Almutairi SA, Alali AZ, Almogbel YS, Alonazi RE, Alkhelaifi HA, Alshehri WM, Alsehli FA. Pharmacist Intention to Provide Medication Therapy Management Services in Saudi Arabia: A Study Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 26;19(9):5279. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095279. PMID: 35564673; PMCID: PMC9101803.

. Barnsteiner JH. Medication Reconciliation. In: Hughes RG, editor. Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2008 Apr. Chapter 38. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2648/

. Nieuwlaat R, Wilczynski N, Navarro T, Hobson N, Jeffery R, Keepanasseril A, Agoritsas T, Mistry N, Iorio A, Jack S, Sivaramalingam B, Iserman E, Mustafa RA, Jedraszewski D, Cotoi C, Haynes RB. Interventions for enhancing medication adherence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Nov 20;2014(11):CD000011. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000011.pub4. PMID: 25412402; PMCID: PMC7263418.

. Mohiuddin AK. The Excellence of Pharmacy Practice. Innov Pharm. 2020 Jan 28;11(1):10.24926/iip.v11i1.1662. doi: 10.24926/iip.v11i1.1662. Retraction in: Innov Pharm. 2020 Jan 28;11(1): PMID: 34017646; PMCID: PMC8132542.

. Masica AL, Touchette DR, Dolor RJ, et al. Evaluation of a Medication Therapy Management Program in Medicare Beneficiaries at High Risk of Adverse Drug Events: Study Methods. In: Henriksen K, Battles JB, Keyes MA, et al., editors. Advances in Patient Safety: New Directions and Alternative Approaches (Vol. 4: Technology and Medication Safety). Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2008 Aug. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK43763/

. Crafford L, Kusurkar RA, Bronkhorst E, Gous A, Wouters A. Understanding of healthcare professionals towards the roles and competencies of clinical pharmacists in South Africa. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023 Mar 28;23(1):290. doi: 10.1186/s12913-023-09222-z. PMID: 36978062; PMCID: PMC10044779.

. Kelly DV, Bishop L, Young S, Hawboldt J, Phillips L, Keough TM. Pharmacist and physician views on collaborative practice: Findings from the community pharmaceutical care project. Can Pharm J (Ott). 2013 Jul;146(4):218-26. doi: 10.1177/1715163513492642. PMID: 23940479; PMCID: PMC3734911.

. Rodziewicz TL, Houseman B, Hipskind JE. Medical Error Reduction and Prevention. [Updated 2023 May 2]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499956/

. Brown MT, Bussell JK. Medication adherence: WHO cares? Mayo Clin Proc. 2011 Apr;86(4):304-14. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0575. Epub 2011 Mar 9. PMID: 21389250; PMCID: PMC3068890.

. Sim TF, Hattingh HL, Sunderland B, Czarniak P. Effective communication and collaboration with health professionals: A qualitative study of primary care pharmacists in Western Australia. PLoS One. 2020 Jun 11;15(6):e0234580. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234580. PMID: 32525923; PMCID: PMC7289401.

. Babiker A, El Husseini M, Al Nemri A, Al Frayh A, Al Juryyan N, Faki MO, Assiri A, Al Saadi M, Shaikh F, Al Zamil F. Health care professional development: Working as a team to improve patient care. Sudan J Paediatr. 2014;14(2):9-16. PMID: 27493399; PMCID: PMC4949805.

. Menachemi N, Collum TH. Benefits and drawbacks of electronic health record systems. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2011;4:47-55. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S12985. Epub 2011 May 11. PMID: 22312227; PMCID: PMC3270933.

. Christina Tarantola, PharmD, The Top Medication Reminder Apps for Patients. Dec 11, 2017. https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/the-top-medication-reminder-apps-for-patients

. Bates DW. Using information technology to reduce rates of medication errors in hospitals. BMJ. 2000 Mar 18;320(7237):788-91. doi: 10.1136/bmj.320.7237.788. PMID: 10720369; PMCID: PMC1117776.

. Jaam M, Naseralallah LM, Hussain TA, Pawluk SA. Pharmacist-led educational interventions provided to healthcare providers to reduce medication errors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021 Jun 23;16(6):e0253588. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253588. PMID: 34161388; PMCID: PMC8221459.

. Green CJ, Maclure M, Fortin PM, Ramsay CR, Aaserud M, Bardal S. Pharmaceutical policies: effects of restrictions on reimbursement. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Aug 4;2010(8):CD008654. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008654. PMID: 20687098; PMCID: PMC6791298.

. Papoutsi C, Reed JE, Marston C, Lewis R, Majeed A, Bell D. Patient and public views about the security and privacy of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in the UK: results from a mixed methods study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2015 Oct 14;15:86. doi: 10.1186/s12911-015-0202-2. PMID: 26466787; PMCID: PMC4607170.

. Subasri M, Barrett D, Sibalija J, Bitacola L, Kim RB. Pharmacogenomic-based personalized medicine: Multistakeholder perspectives on implementational drivers and barriers in the Canadian healthcare system. Clin Transl Sci. 2021 Nov;14(6):2231-2241. doi: 10.1111/cts.13083. Epub 2021 Jul 16. PMID: 34080317; PMCID: PMC8604218.

. Teisberg E, Wallace S, O'Hara S. Defining and Implementing Value-Based Health Care: A Strategic Framework. Acad Med. 2020 May;95(5):682-685. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003122. PMID: 31833857; PMCID: PMC7185050.

Downloads

Published

2022-02-25