EVALUATION DE LA PERTE SANGUINE DURANT LA PÉRIODE PÉRIOPÉRATOIRE EN CHIRURGIE ORTHOPÉDIQUE ET TRAUMATOLOGIQUE ASSESSMENT OF BLOOD LOSS DURING THE PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD IN ORTHOPEDIC AND TRAUMA SURGERY

Abstract

Introduction: The recognition of perioperative blood loss as a factor in patient mortality and morbidity led to the operating room patient safety checklist recommended by the World Health Organization.

Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive study over a ten-month period from January to October 2019 including all the patients hospitalized in the Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology department of the CHU Anosiala. All patients operated on for an orthopedic or trauma pathology were included in this study, patients having undergone percutaneous surgery were excluded and not included patients not operated on.

Results: One hundred and twelve patients were collected. The average age of the patients was 32.9 years, there is a male predominance with a sex ratio of 2.5. Screw-retained plate osteosynthesis was the most frequent intervention (29.5%) in traumatology, in Orthopedics the installation of the total hip arthroplasty (THA) (6.3%) and sequestrectomy (11.6%) in osteo-articular infection. The mean blood loss for the whole procedure was 508 milliliters (ml) of which in orthopedics, the placement of the total knee arthroplasty (TKA) had the highest mean loss (1630 ml) followed by THA and open reduction neglected dislocations with a respective loss of and 1101 ml and 623.3 ml. In trauma, screw-retained plate osteosynthesis of the femur was the most hemorrhagic with an average blood loss of 820.3 ml and in osteoarticular infections, sequestrectomy with an average loss of 596.2 ml.

Conclusion: The amount of blood loss in orthopedic and trauma surgery varies depending on the type of surgery performed. Arthroplasty, open reduction of a neglected dislocation, screw-retained femoral plate osteosynthesis and sequestrectomy were the most hemorrhagic type of procedure in the perioperative period