MYCOTIC INCIDENCE OF EAR INFECTION AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS AT TAIZ - CITY, YEMEN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/eijmhs.v6i3.141Keywords:
Otomycosis, fungi, ear diseases, enzymes, otitisAbstract
The prevalence and distribution of fungi involved in otomycosis in children of primary school at Taiz city were studied using two types of isolation media. The obtained results revealed the confirmation of fungal otomycosis in 76. 7 % of suspected patients. Ear infection in relation to age the results showed that the group with age between 10- 15 years were highly infected with fungi and the female patients were more affected than male. Patients with excellent and good healthy state were less infected. Also, the majority of ear infection were found in children of poor occupation and decreased with raising of the family occupation and disappeared in rich families. On the other hands, there are no relationship between ear infection and the level of family education.
Twelve species and one variety belonging to 5 genera were isolated from 60 children patients on Czapeck,s and Sabouraud,s dextrose agar at 28°C. Members of Aspergillus were the most prevalent. From the genus 8 species were identified of which A. niger, A. sydowii and A. versicolor were the most predominant. The second incidence fungi in children ears was represented by Penicillium. The other 3 genera identified, represented each by one species, wereisolated in less frequency of occurrence at least on one isolation medium.
About 17 isolates appertaining to 10 species related to 5 genera were tested for their abilities to produce lipase and protease enzymes on solid medium. The results indicated that 12 isolates could produce the two enzymes.
Isolates related to A. flavus, A. niger, A. sydowii, Penicillium sp. were the most producers for lipase and protease enzymes. Thus, critical diagnosis of the causative agent by employing aseptic and proper culture techniques and susceptibility testing for proper treatment of this disease is the need of the hour.
References
. Anaissie E. J., McGinnis M. R. and Pfaller M. A. (2003): Clinical Mycology. Elsevier Sciences, Philadelphia.
. Aneja K.R., Sharma C. and Joshi R. (2010): Fungal infection of the ear: A common problem in the north eastern part of Haryana. Int. J. Pediatric Otorhinoryngolgy (In Press).
. Amigot S. L., Gomez C. R., Luque A. G. and Ebner G. (2003): Microbiological study of external otitis in Rosario City, Argentina. Mycoses 46: 312 - 315.
. Arsovic N. A., Banko A. V., Dimitrijevic M. V., Djordjevic V. Z., Milovanovic J.P. and Arsenijevic V. A. (2005): Protease activities of Candida spp. Isolated from otitis externa: Preliminary result. ACI / STRUCNI RAD Vol. LVI: 113 - 116.
. Cheesbrough M. (1992): Medical laboratory manual for tropical countries. Vol. II. Butterworth- Heinemann. Cambridge.
. Enveani I., B. and Iqumbor H. (1997): Prevalence of otomycosis in malnourished children in Edo State, Nigeria. Mycopathologia 140: 85 - 87.
. Fasunla J., Ibekwe T. and Onakoya P. (2007): Otomycosis in western Nigeria. Mycoses 51: 67 - 70.
. Frey O., Oldfield R. and Bridger R. C. ( 1979): A color atlas of pathogenic fungi. Wolfe Medical Publications Ltd. Smeets- weet, Holand.
. Harley W. B., Dummer J. S., Anderson T. L. and Goodman S. (1995): Malignant external otitis due to Aspergillus flavus with fulminant dissemination to the lungs. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20: 1052 – 1254.
. Ho T., Vrabec J. T., Yoo D. and Coker N. J. (2006): Otomycosis. Clinical features and treatment implications. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 125: 787 – 791.
. Hube B. (1996): Candida albicans secreted as party Proteinase. Curr. Top. Med. Mycol.1: 55 - 69.
. Jackman A., Ward R., April M. and Bent J. (2005): Topical antibiotic induced otomycosis. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinoryngolgy 69: 857- 860.
. Jadhav VJ., Pal M., Mishra GS.(2003): Etiological significance of Candida albicanes in otitis externa. Mycopathologia 156: 313 - 315.
. Jaiswal S. K. (1990): Fungal infection pattern of ear and its sensitivity pattern. Indian J. Otolaryngol. 42: 19- 22.
. Kaur R., Mittal N., Kakkar M., Aggarwal A. K . and Mathur M. D. (2000): Otomycosis: a clinicomycologic study . Ear Nose Throat. J. 79: 606 - 609.
. Kaya A. D. and Kiraz N. (2007): In vitro Susceptibilities of Aspergillus spp. Causing otomycosis to Amphotericins B, Voriconazole and Itraconazole. Mycoses 50: 447- 450.
. Koupari G., Zapiropoulou A., Stamos G., Delivianni V., Apostoloulos N. and Legakis N. J. (2000): Pneumococcal acute otitis media in children. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 6: 69 -73.
. Kumar A. (2005): Fungal spectrum in otomycosis patients. J. K. Science 7: 152 -155.
. Kwon- Chung K. J. and Bennett J. E. (1992): Medical mycology. Lea and Febiger. Philadelphia, London.
. Ling S. S. and Sader C. (2008): Fungal malignant otitis externa treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 12: 550 – 552.
. Lucente F. E. (1993): Fungal infections of external ear. Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am. 26: 995 -1006.
. Martin T. J., Kerschner J. E. and Flanary V.A. (2005): Fungal causes of otitis externa and tympanostomy tube otorrhea. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 69: 1503 - 1508.
. Mgbor N. and Gugnam H. G. (2001): Otomycosis in Nigeria treatment with mercurochrome. Mycoses.44: 395 - 397.
. Monod M., Baudraz F. and Ramelet A. A. (1989): Direct mycological examination in dermatology: a comparison of different methods. Dermatologica 179: 183 – 186.
. Moubasher A. H (1993): Soil fungi in Qatar and other arab countries. Scientific and Applied Research Center. University of Qatar
. Mugliston T. O. and Donoghue G. (1985): Otomycosis-a continuing problem. J. Laryngol. Otol. 99: 327 - 333.
. Munguia R. and Daniel S. J. (2008): Ototopical antifungals and otomycosis: a review. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 72: 453 – 459.
. Navarrete E. N. and Elizalde N. C. D. (2000): Otites externus micotica. Dos esquenas terapeuticos. Rev. Med. 38 (6): 467 – 472.
. Negi M., Tsubai R., Matsui T. and Ogawa H. ( 1984): Isolation and characterization of proteinase from Candida albicans: Substrate specificity. J. Invest. Dermatol. 83: 32 – 36.
. Ologe F. E. and Nwabuisi C. (2002): Treatment outsome of otomycosis in Ilorin, Nigeria. West. Afr. J. Med. 21:34 -36.
. Paterson R. R. M. and Bridge P. D. (1994): Biochemical techniques for filamentous fungi. Int. Mycol. Inst. CAB Int. Surrey, P. 21, UK.
. Paulose K., Khallifa F. and Shenoy F. (1989): Mycotic infection of the ear (otomycosis). A prospective study. J. Laryngol. Otol. 103: 30 -35.
. Pontes Z., Silva A., Lima E., Guerra M., Ohveira N., Carvalbo M. and Guerra F. (2009): Otomycosis: a retrospective study. Braz. J. Otorhinolaryngol. 75 (3): 367 – 370.
. Pradhan B., Tuladhar N. R. and Amatya R. M. (2003): Prevalence of otomycosis in outpatient department of otolaryngolody in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 112: 34 - 37.
. Raper K. B. and Fennell D. J. (1965): The Genus Aspergillus. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, U. S. A.
. Sohnle P. G., Frank M. M., Kirkpatrick C. H. (1976): Mechanisms involved in elimination of organisms from experimental cutaneous Candida albicans infections in guinea pigs. J. Immunol. 117: 523 - 530.
. Strauss M. (1991): Aspergillus otomastoidits in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am. J. Otol. 12: 49 - 53.
. Trpkovic A., Kranjcic Zec I. and Djukic V. (2004): Protease activities of Candida spp. isolated from immunocompetent patients with otomycosis. Jugoslav. Med. Biochem. 23:1-4.
. Ullman V. and Blasins G. (1974): A simple medium for the detection of different lipolytic activity of micro- organisms. J. Food Prot. 69 (6): 1297.
. Vennewald I., Schonlebe J. and Klemm E. (2003): Mycological and histological investigations in humans with middle ear infections. Mycoses 46: 12- 18.
. Vennewald I., Nat R. and Klemm E. (2010): Otomycosis: Diagnosis and treatment. Clinics in Dermatology 28: 202- 211.
. Yehia M. M., Al- Habib H. M. and Shehab N. M. ( 1990): Otomycosis a common problem in North Iraq. J. Laryngol. Otol. 105 (5): 367- 393.
. Zaror I., Fischman O., Suzuki F. A. and Felipe R. G. (1991): Otomycosis in Sao Paulo. Rev. Int. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo 33 (3): 169 – 173.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 EPH - International Journal of Medical and Health Science (ISSN: 2456 - 6063)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
