A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN PREDICTING DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS BY USING SINBAD SCORING SYSTEM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69980/kd4scq64Keywords:
Diabetic foot ulcer, SINBAD Classification System, Diabetes mellitus, Ulcer severity, Prognostic assessment, Limb salvage, Amputation risk, Neuropathy, Ischemia, Wound healing, Clinical outcomes, Risk stratification, Foot infection, Ulcer classification Tertiary, care studyAbstract
Background: Diabetic foot ulcers remain one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus and are a major contributor to lower-limb amputations globally. Reliable and easily applicable classification systems are essential for early risk stratification and outcome prediction. The SINBAD Classification System is a practical scoring tool that evaluates ulcer site, ischemia, neuropathy, bacterial infection, ulcer area, and ulcer depth to determine ulcer severity.
Aim and Objectives: To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with diabetic foot ulcers and to determine the prognostic utility of the SINBAD Classification System in predicting ulcer healing and limb salvage.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted involving 150 patients with diabetic foot ulcers presenting to a tertiary care center. Clinical data including demographic variables, duration of diabetes, comorbidities, ulcer characteristics, and microbiological findings were recorded. Ulcer severity was assessed using the SINBAD Classification System. Patients were followed until resolution of the ulcer or occurrence of adverse outcomes, including disarticulation, major amputation, or persistent non-healing. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate associations between clinical variables, SINBAD scores, and treatment outcomes.
Results: The majority of patients were aged 61–70 years (44.6%) with a predominance of males (70.0%). Forefoot ulcers were most common (71.3%). Neuropathy and ischemia were present in 41.3% and 61.3% of patients, respectively. Overall, complete ulcer healing was achieved in 52.7% of cases, while 19.3% required disarticulation and 17.3% underwent major amputation. Increasing SINBAD Classification System scores demonstrated a significant association with adverse outcomes (p=0.04). Advanced age, longer duration of diabetes, presence of neuropathy, and ulcer location were also significantly associated with poorer clinical outcomes.
Conclusion: The SINBAD Classification System is a simple and clinically effective tool for prognostic assessment in diabetic foot ulcers. Higher SINBAD scores correlate with increased risk of amputation and reduced healing rates. Early implementation of this scoring system may facilitate timely intervention, optimize management strategies, and improve limb-salvage outcomes in patients with diabetic foot disease.
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