A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON EPILEPSY AND ITS DIAGNOSIS/ TREATMENT USING EEG SIGNALS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/eijmhs.v11i1.267Keywords:
Electroencephalography (EEG), Seizure detection, Wearable EEGAbstract
Epilepsy is a chronic functional disorder of the brain resulting in recurrent seizures due to hyper-synchronous neuronal activity. About 30% of those who suffer from epilepsy develop an incurable form of the disease that does not respond to medications, also known as drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), which necessitates a careful evaluation of the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. The foundation of epilepsy treatment remains electroencephalography (EEG), which continues to provide the best information regarding seizure localization, classification, and treatment follow-up. This review presents a comprehensive study of epilepsy, covering the historical development, epidemiology, and diverse etiology of epilepsy, with an in-depth study of EEG entailing the major contribution to the developments. The EEG techniques applied in this study embrace classical approaches as well as modern techniques, such as time-frequency techniques and machine learning (ML)- based automated seizure detection and deep learning (DL) based signal processing. Emphasis is made on the challenges common in elderly and pediatric age groups, together with specific EEG characteristics and timely treatment interventions. There is a detailed critical analysis of cutting-edge developments, including wearable EEG units, closed-loop neuromodulation systems, and AI-based individualized interventions.
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